Cavtat stands on the site of ancient Epidaurum, a settlement that developed as a Roman colony on the coast of southern Illyricum. Epidaurum grew from an earlier pre-Roman settlement into a Roman colony, benefiting from its sheltered harbour and position on the Adriatic shipping route, and it remained a notable coastal centre through late antiquity. In the 7th century the wider region was disrupted by waves of invasion and upheaval, and Epidaurum declined. Displaced inhabitants of Epidaurum are traditionally and historically connected with the emergence of medieval Ragusa — the settlement on the next headland that grew into the Republic of Ragusa, later Dubrovnik — but they did not alone found Dubrovnik; Ragusa’s development drew on several populations and its own strategic position, and the relationship should be read as a connection rather than a single founding act. Under the Republic of Ragusa, Cavtat (known in Italian as Ragusavecchia, the “old Ragusa”) remained a small settlement within the Ragusan state, oriented to the sea, to fishing and to the trade of the Konavle hinterland. Its civic and artistic identity matured in the 19th and early 20th centuries: the painter Vlaho Bukovac, born here in 1855, brought Cavtat into the story of modern Croatian art, and his birth house is now a museum; the Račić Family Mausoleum, designed by the sculptor Ivan Meštrović, crowns the St Rocco cemetery above the town; and the Rector’s Palace houses the Baltazar Bogišić Collection, the library and archive of the Konavle-born legal scholar. Together these give Cavtat a cultural weight that exceeds its size.